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What is an organism?

An organism is a form of life of iterdependent parts that maintain various vital processes.

It can be an animal, plant, fungus, protistan or moneran.

History of Science

What did early civilization explain biological diversity?

God created them

Early Philosophers believe that the huge variety of different organism that exist on earth were created by a supreme being (i.e. a god) and that thay were immutable (they could not change)

Classification

the process of organising organisms into groups based on predeterminated criteria is called classification. The classification of living things is said to be a strong, multilevel classification, strong, because the scheme gives predictable results. Multilevel because major groupings my be further subdivided into smaller, subgroups.

The criterion we use to assign organisms to groups is the closeness of the evolutionary relationships between the members of the group. This is usually observed by the looking at the number of features shared by organisms when we compare them. Features that might be used when looking to group organisms could include:

1 Physical structures (e.g. anatomy of bones, teeth, organs etc)

2 Biochemistry (e.g protein similarities)

3 Manner of development

4 behavioral characteristics

5 similarities in DNA

Five kingdoms of life

essay on five kingdoms

The first animals existed 750million years ago. They have cells and a membrane nucleus. They eat byengulfing their food; they get their energy by digesting their food. Torepopulate animals rely on one drop of sperm to fertilize the eggs. The baby isdeveloped by Zygote and then a blastula. Animals are eukaryotic.

Plants have many cells. As wellplants also have a membrane nucleus but they have a cell wall, the cell wall ismade out of cellulose. Plants make their own food by using sunlight. Thisprocess is called photosynthesis. It grows by using carbon dioxide and water.It reproduces with eggs and sperm which are called pollow. Plants have 2 stagesof life which are called growth and gametophyte.

Fungi is an important organism. Afungus is food, health and is a disease that affects other plants. Fungi haveone or more cells. Fungi’s cell wall is called chitin. Fungi eat food from theoutside of its body. Fungi develop spore.

Monerans are bacteria, they aremicroscopic and singled celled. Cyano bacteria however is multi celled. Thefirst monerans were around 3.5 billion years ago. Some bacteria are costingindustries millions and millions of dollars. Some monerans can causeinfections, they can re appear. Monerans and no nucleus. Monerans haveprokaryotic cells, they have a cell wall which is made out of carbohydrate,protein. Some monerans have sex factors. Monerans have binary fission.

Protists species numbers areartificial. They have one or more cell. Protists have a membrane nucleus.Protists are eukaryotic. They have a feature called photosynthesis

definitions

Atoms: The smallest component of an element having chemicalproperties of the element. An atom with one of the electrons replaced by someother particle. Examples molecules and particles.

Molecules: The smallest physical unit of an element orcompound. Examples cell membranes

Cells; Usually a microscopic containing nuclear andcytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and in plants, incell wall; the basic structure unit of all organisms.

Tissues: Similar cells and cell products forming a definite kindof structural material with a specific function, in a multi cell organism. ExamplesBone tissue animal tissue

Organs: a grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, asa heart or a kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs specializein tasks. Examples arteries

Organ Systems: A group of organs working together to performspecific tasks. Examples Digestive system

Cell biology History

In 1590 two Dutch eye glass makers Zaccharias Janssen andHans Janssen created the compound microscope and the telescope. In 1665 RobertHooke looked at a silver cork through the microscope lens and noticed somepores or cells in it. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek was the firstperson to witness cells under a microscope. The microscope gave conclusions andobservations to the cell theory. It showed how the cell looked and how it developed.

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Single gene traits: Tongue rolling, Free ear lobe, hand clasping, hitchhikers thumb, bent little finger, widow's peak, dimpled chin, Mid-digital hair, pigmented iruses

Adaptation Give me an example of an adaptation and how it helps an animal survive Turtles shell predators can't eat their shell once their inside the shell

Give three examples of a: structual adaptations kangaroos pouch, joeys can get in the pouch, platypusses webbed feet make them swim, meerkats have sharp claws to dig in rocky terain b: behavioural adaptations dogs tail wagging, shark eats fish when smells fish blood, plants turn the sun to help photosynthesis

Jack rabbits bilbys and fennec foxes all live in desert environments picture



Structual features they share adaptation help them survive in their desert habbits They keep their blood cool thanks to their long ears. they use their ears to hears their predators and prey in the desert